Ortho Meta Para Directing Groups Examples

Meta is one carbon away from the substituent. Common meta directing groups.

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Alkyl hydroxyl -OH alkoxy -OR ammine -NR_2 halides eg.

Ortho meta para directing groups examples. The left column contains o-p groups and right column co. Ortho para directing groups are electron-donating groups. Thus the methyl group is an ortho para directing group.

Ortho para directing groups are electron-donating groups. Now lets discuss this a bit more in detail by first doing a quick overview of the ortho para and meta directors first. The halide ions which are electron-withdrawing but ortho para directing are the exception.

We call these groups meta directors. Therefore depending on the character of the initial substituent R a subsequent substituent would be placed at the ortho or para position if R is an activatorhalogen or at the meta position if it is a deactivator but not a halogen. Quick way is to know the logic behind a group being Ortho-Para activating Ortho-Para deactivating or Meta Deactivating.

When a benzene ring with a substituent undergoes an electrophilic aromatic substitution the electrophile is installed on a specific positions depending on the substituentThere are three relative positions for a. What are Ortho- meta and para directors. Directive influence of substituents and their effect on reactivity - definition The electron releasing groups direct the incoming group to ortho and para positions are called ortho and para directing groups as the electron density is more on o-and p-positionsHence the electrophilic substitution takes place mainly at these positionsAromatic ring become reactive at these position.

NH 2 NHR NHCOCH 3 OCH 3 CH 3 C 2 H 5 halogens etc. This same activation is present with alcohols amines esters and amides with the oxygen or nitrogen attached to the ring not the carbonyl. These groups are called ortho-para directors.

6302017 These are common kinds of orthopara directing groups. -CF 3 -NO 2 -CN Donation or withdrawal of electrons can occur via either a conjugative or an inductive effect. The first exercise is to make sure you know which groups are activators and deactivators as well as how that relates to the Ortho- Para- and Meta directing effects.

Resonance Effects The resonance effect of a substituent G refers. OH group activates benzene for the attack by an electrophile at the ortho and para positions. Here are some examples.

8242020 Thus the nitro group is a meta directing group. The methoxy group is an example of groups that are ortho para directors by having and oxygen or nitrogen adjacent to the aromatic ring. The nitration of methoxybenzene also known as anisole.

For example a carboxylic acid is a meta director because it experiences resonance a delocalization of electrons. The second practice problem is built on this and gives specific examples where you need to predict the major product of each Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reaction. If for example G is a more electronegative atom or group than carbon then the ring will be at the positive end of the dipole.

Thus the nitro group is a meta directing group. Substituents in the second category tend to direct the incoming electrophile to the meta position. Meta directors - CF3 COH COOH COOR CN NO2.

Ortho represents a 12 relationship or 2 groups that are directly near each other on the benzene ring. Several examples will illustrate more clearly what we mean by these terms. The O-CH 3 Group is an ortho para director.

Para represents a 14 relationship or groups that are opposite each other on the benzene ring. Heres a concrete example. Deactivators not halogens are meta-directing.

See also activating group deactivating group. Trick to memorizing directors. Substituents already present on a benzene ring also influences the rate of reaction.

For example toluene C 6 H 5-CH 3 is nitrated 25 times faster than benzene itselfOn the other hand the rate of nitration of chlorobenzene C 6 H 5-Cl is 30 times less than benzeneThis means that the presence of CH 3 on benzene ring activates it to aromatic electrophilic substitution while the presence of. Orthopara directors are alkyl group or generally have lone pairs on. All of the answer choices in this problem have a lone pair of electrons on the point of contact with the benzene ring and they all are orthopara directors.

Ortho and Para Directing Groups. Substituents which draw electron density from the ortho and para positions hence increasing reaction on the meta position. 1292018 Examples of ortho- para directors are hydroxyl groups ethers amines alkyl groups thiols and halogens.

The limitations of this rule is 1 The rule presumes hydrogen to belong to group I which was a controversial point. For example amine is an ortho and para directing group while N H 3 rm - NrmH_rm3 N H 3 are meta directing. The methyl group is an activating group and is an ortho - para director.

OrthoPara directors - OH NH2 R OR Cl Br F I SH. Meta directing groups are electron-withdrawing groups. -F -Cl -Br -I etc.

These groups are called ortho-para directors. Ortho- and para- products dominate while meta products comprise less than 3. Common ortho para directing groups.

For example when aniline is chlorinated the product so obtained is ortho and para. Meta directors on other hand evidently direct to the position 2 away from the meta director by deactivating the ring at the ortho and para positions. I have attached a table I made explaining which group is what and why.

Some groups direct the second incoming group to the ortho and para positions simultaneously. The halide ions which are electron-withdrawing but ortho para directing are the exception. Meta represents a 13 relationship or groups that are separated by one carbon on the benzene ring.

These groups direct the incoming group to the ortho and para positions. Deactivators halogens are ortho-para directing. OrthoPara-Directing Groups and Meta-Directing Groups.

Ortho - Para Directors. Therefore NO 2 group is a meta director. How can we recognize whether a substituent is orthopara versus meta.

Meta directing groups are electron-withdrawing groups.

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